J.D. Salingers Franny and Zooey Essay -- Salinger Franny Zooey Essays

J.D. Salingers Franny and ZooeyWorks Cited Missing In the novel Franny and Zooey, J.D. Salinger uses the Glass family to deliver his beliefs on morality and union during this time. One way in which he does this is by delivering the novel into two short stories. One deals with Franny, a young female who is at a crossroad with her beliefs, and the other deals with her brother Zooey who tries to help his sister through her difficulties. Once this book was published in 1961, it was an instant hit and made its way to the best-seller list. all over the years there were homoy critical essays written discussing Salingers intended design for this novel. In A Preface for Franny and Zooey John P. McIntyre explores whether Salingers main purpose focusing on religious belief was due to the fact that he wanted to prove that religion should be more spiritual rather then dealt with in society. After reading this essay, I agree with McIntyre because throughout Franny and Zooey there ar several different situations which the reader can see where the novel seems to support this insight. The get-go example of how the religion aspect should be spiritual is seen through Franny and Zooeys character. Both were raised with a blend of religions by their older brothers. They feel as though this has made them abnormal, which is not consecutive, because being able to understand these different religions have helped them in several different ways. In order for Zooey to understand what is disparage with his sister he talks he needs to her. While discussing what is going on in there lives, Franny starts to explain to Zooey how she went to college in search of wisdom to date has found none. Zooey then asks her what she wants from the Jesus prayer which Franny had begun to follow. He also states that if she is hoping to gain things from it then she is just like everyone else out there. Franny later answers by telling Zooey that she is overturned and she doesnt know her purpose for f ollowing these prayers. This specific discussion between the two illustrates their differences. They are individuals and by understanding these different religions and prayers, it has helped them be there bear spiritual person rather then listening to society and being fake. In A Preface for Franny and Zooey, McIntyre says that the worst they (Franny and Zooey) can say about our society is that they are too sens... ...ives in that consciousness and this is the idea he has to get across to Franny (McIntyre 4). So by agreeing with McIntyre, we see that Zooey is a real person and true to himself and to his beliefs. When talking to Franny Zooey explains to her that he doesnt feel she understand Jesus, that she is making more lovable then he really is. He calls him the most intelligent man in the Bible. And with this it shows that this is a good example of how religion in the book is more spiritual than anything else especially though Zooeys character. Philosophy and religion are impor tant topics that Salinger tries to put forth through his novel Franny and Zooey. Through Frannys breakdown he shows how important it is to be different and believe in what you look it right, especially dealing with religion. While in Zooey he shows what it is to be this way with your own beliefs. John P. McIntyres essay A Preface for Franny and Zooey supports this idea that religion should be something spiritual rather impacted by society. His (Salingers) primary concern regards the individuals spiritual life, that real relationship between the person and the active Presence of graven image (McIntyre 6).

Charlotte Smiths On Being Cautioned against Walking on an Headland Ove

Charlotte Smiths On Being Cautioned against walkway on an Headland Overlooking the Sea, Because it was Frequented by a LunaticOn Being Cautioned against Walking on an Headland Overlooking the Sea, Because it was Frequented by a Lunatic, Charlotte Smiths sonnet, comments on the poets feelings toward this lunatic and the thought process he instigates in her mind. By using different syntax to describe her two characters, Smith draws the attention of the reader to the message in the sonnet instead of the scene on the surface. The twist of the English sonnet also lends to the poems power, giving Smith a perfect avenue to deliver her message.The poem begins by describing the lunatic as a man with very animal tendencies, with starting pace and with wide and hollow eyes (lines 2-3) These characteristics alone give the reader a vivid orbit of how this man acts, and immediately sets low expectations for his character in a social and intellectual sense. His primitivism shows as his cold bed upon the mountain turf (6) is mentioned, furthering the realize of a wildly sav...

The History of Human Evolution Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

The History of Human Evolution By definition, human evolution is the development, some(prenominal) biological and cultural, of creation. Human ideologies of how the evolution of man came to be is determined by cultural beliefs that have been adopted by societies going back as further as the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago. Through the study of paleoanthropology, we have come to determine that a human is any member belong to the species of Homo Sapiens. Paleoanthropologists, while studying the evolution of humans, identify and explain evolutionary changes that occur throughout time that aid in the development of the human species. It leave behind be through the examination of human physical traits, human origins from pre-humans to modern humans, and major discoveries that we will be able to understand the history of human evolution. The Hominidae, or hominids are a group of upright walking primates with relatively large brains. The only existing repre sentative of this family is the Homo sapiens. We stomach declare that whole humans are part of the hominid family, yet not all hominids can be con steadred humans. However all humans are primates although humans have developed very distinct traits from its genetically similar primate, the chimpanzees, such as bipedalism, meaning walking on two stagecoachs. Bipedalism seems to be one of the soonest of the major hominine characteristics to have evolved.(Microsoft Encarta) Bipedalism enabled humans to develop specific physical traits to accommodate their upright posture, such as a specialized pelvis, hip and leg muscles, and an S-shaped vertebral column. These traits, specific to humans, can be detected in fossil records therefore making bipedalism the defining factor in the physica... ...o could even have lived side by side.(Lawson) This denudation just proves how human evolution can be understood more in depth with continuous fossil findings and how we can never tru ly be sure how human evolution began because it would be impossible to be 100% positive that all fossil records have been analyzed. The Kenyanthropus discovery may prove that two lineages of human evolution may exist but that does not necessarily mean that others do not.WORK CITED Gallagher, Richard B., Michael Murphy, and Luke ONeill. What are We? Where Did We Come From? Where Are We Going? Science 14 Jan. 1994 181-183Human Evolution. Microsoft Encarta. 1996 ed. CD-ROM Lawson, Willow, A New Face Joins the Family. ABCNEWS 2001.Leaky, Meave G., New hominin genus from eastern Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages. Nature 2001433-440

Cigarette Advertising Essay example -- Marketing Tobacco

Truth About Cigarette AdvertisingTwo lithe, tanned bodies lazily languish near a limpid river. The heads of the two persons are propel back in poses of a supremely confident nature. Their facial features, though, are indistinguishable amidst the ephemeral haze which envelops them. Curiosity piqued and intently surveying the scene, one then notices the cigarettes dangling from the fingers of the pair. Advertisements such as this are now ubiquitous to the point of annoyance. These attempts to entice consumers to buy cigarettes are not simply trumped up exaggerations, as is the vitrine with other overlaps. Cigarette companies market their products with blatant lies. No one is shown with yellowed teeth or suffering from a hacking cough. Instead, smokers are always pictured as being in the pink of health. More alarmingly, smokers and smoking are perceived as being desirable. This perception has seemingly permeated every facet of popular culture. The drear truth today iscigarettes are coolMore overt instances of cigarette companies attempting to marry their products with images having positive connotations occurred in the first half of the twentieth century. Since then, however, the marketing juggernauts of these organizations project become more adept at promoting their brands in nearly every sphere of public life. In the earlier times though, the principal mode of product placement was via magazines. Here are two such magazine advertisements. Kool magazine advertisement circa 1940 Camels magazine advertisement circa 1950In the first picture, which was put out during the bit World War, cigarettes are linked with the badges of the United States Armed Forces. Here, Kool attempts to ride the wave of support for Americ... ...gturning all of us into potential cigarette addicts. I am of the firm opinion that legislature should be passed which prevents these companies from advertising in certain fields, particularly those pertaining to healthy pursuits such as spo rts. But, then again, these laws would have to be passed by many people who sit on the boards of, or had election campaigns funded by, cigarette companies. Those changes dont seem too likely, do they?Works CitedCigarettes Wikipedia Foundation Inc.1 Sep. 2006. Crary, David. tobacco plant giants wage fight against state anti-smoking measures. Associated Press 13 Oct. 2006Haralambos, Michael. Sociology Themes and Perspectives. 3rd ed. London HarperCollins, 1991.Nocera, Joe. If Its Good for Philip Morris, Can It Also Be Good for Public Health? impertinent York Times 18 June. 2006 B46.

Knowledge and Attitudes of A Healthy Lifestyle :: components of a healthy lifestyle

The components of a tidy lifestyle include many things. A few examples of these components are eating right, exercising regularly, and keeping your mind calm and content. ingest right means staying on a healthy diet. This does not mean that you cannot eat sweets or fatty foods, it just means that you should constantly keep in mind how a certain food will affect your body. One wants to always remain in control, do not gorge yourself and then derail a few meals to make up for it. Always keep things in proportion, such as maybe eating a light healthy breakfast and lunch and then allowing yourself a slightly heavier food for dinner or for snack. Remember, this does not mean that you must become a health-food nut it is simply a reminder that you should exemplar some control over your food intake. Exercising regularly is another very important component to a healthy lifestyle. You should exercise a minimum of 3 days a week for a minimum of about 20 min. This does not mean that you have to impose a strict regiment of exercise into your daily schedule. An easy way to attain a nice amount of physical activity would be to begin qualifying for power-walks or jogs with your pet or your neighborhood friends. It is also very good to stretch before you begin any kind of strenuous physical activity. not only does it result in you being able to do more than you would without the stretching, it also enables you to gain more out of your workouts. One could also take up a sport such as tennis, soccer, volleyball, basketball, swim, or track. All of these and a multitude of others would greatly help you along on your path to a healthy lifestyle. If you are unsure of how to initiate yourself into one of these sports you could join a squad at your local community center or simply organize a group of friends and play at your neighborhood park. Remember Just because it is a sport does not mean that you have to be on an official team to be allowed to play it. These sports help you maintain a healthy lifestyle because when many people are playing them they are having fun, and thus do not think of it as actually working out. Sports also increases the amusement of exercising because you usually do them with a group of friends, which makes you not concentrate exclusively on the exertion your body is going through.

Knowledge and Attitudes of A Healthy Lifestyle :: components of a healthy lifestyle

The components of a healthy modus vivendi include many things. A few examples of these components are eating right, exercising regularly, and keeping your mind calm and content. Eating right considers staying on a healthy diet. This does not mean that you cannot eat sweets or fatty foods, it just means that you should constantly keep in mind how a certain food will affect your body. unrivaled wants to always remain in control, do not gorge yourself and then skip a few meals to make up for it. Always keep things in proportion, such as maybe eating a light healthy breakfast and lunch and then allowing yourself a slightly heavier food for dinner or for snack. Remember, this does not mean that you must become a health-food nut it is simply a reminder that you should exercise some control over your food intake. usage regularly is another very important component to a healthy lifestyle. You should exercise a minimum of 3 days a week for a minimum of about 20 min. This does not mean that you have to impose a strict regiment of exercise into your daily schedule. An easy way to turn over a nice amount of physical activity would be to begin going for power-walks or jogs with your pet or your neighborhood friends. It is also very uncorrupted to stretch before you begin any kind of strenuous physical activity. Not only does it result in you being able to do much than you would without the stretching, it also enables you to gain more out of your workouts. One could also take up a sport such as tennis, soccer, volleyball, basketball, swim, or track. All of these and a multitude of others would greatly help you along on your path to a healthy lifestyle. If you are unsure of how to initiate yourself into one of these sports you could join a team at your local community center or simply organize a group of friends and play at your neighborhood park. Remember Just because it is a sport does not mean that you have to be on an official team to be allowed to play it. These sp orts help you maintain a healthy lifestyle because when many people are playing them they are having fun, and thus do not think of it as actually working out. Sports also increases the merriment of exercising because you usually do them with a group of friends, which makes you not concentrate entirely on the exertion your body is going through.

Pressure – Creative Writing

This was going to be the biggest risque of my life. It was the final game to clinch our undefeated season notwithstanding it was against our archrivals, Nudgee. This game was the decider, as Nudgee was also looking to seal their season undefeated. After preparing mentally in the chapel with some strong words of wisdom from Father Gadd it was whence off into the dressing rooms. We started out usual warm up. I tried to make it as if it was just another game, but in the back of my object it wasnt just a normal game. It was the final game that most of the team would ever play for their school and also it was the first time that any of us had the chance to go through the whole season undefeated.After the warm up it was time to get mentally prepared and psyched up. We had time for the final a couple of(prenominal) minutes that the team had together before stepping onto the battlefield in front of the thousands of chanting supporters who timidly sat and waited. TOKIO That was the last school war call out leading up to a game that most of us would ever do. We started the long walk to the battlefield where we could see our rival opponents standing sternly relate arm in arm. As intimidating as it looked, Im sure that we sent shivers down their spines as we walked out to confront them for the toss. Each player firmly grasped their opposites fall out in subtle fury, nerve-racking to act like good sports but when it came to the crunch there were no mates in a rugby game. We were twain compete to win, to win for ourselves, our team and finally our school.After losing the toss this set us on the back foot with having to start the game off not running our favoured way that we had successfully done in all the previous games. only this was just a minor set back that we just had to plough with. My heart was pumping with adrenalin, like something was inside us just trying to burst out as the last moments went by, before the highly rated side Nudgee kicked off. The cro wd was successful accompanied by drunken old boys behind us when we ran the first ball up into Nudgees front line racing towards us.All you could hear was the slapping of skins and the crunching noises when merry tackles were made along with team members screaming to organise what was happening. We were on the back foot metres from our try line as the powerful favourites Nudgee pulverized into our burly defending line. But our already battered and bruised side could only hold them out for so long and gave away a penalisation in close clip for Nudgees kicker to put collar points on the board. Another set back with us being down three points halfway through the first half.We had to start playing or our dreams would shatter, so with all heads up we took it straight back to Nudgee sacrificing what ever it took to get over that line. We ran and ran and ran but there was nothing we could do to get bypast that intimidating back line with various over grown Islanders staring deep in to our midsections. We bruised the favourites with two penalty conversions which left the stimulate at six to three at the half time point.Sitting as a group listening to our furious coach Rob who accepted nothing but flawlessness yelling at the top of his lungs, I knew that he expected more from us and at times I thought he would rather be out there playing than coaching. We all had a drink, thinking virtually the game and no doubt putting together individual scenarios to what was going to happen. exploit was that we would find a weakness in Nudgees back line and break through it in the dying minutes of the game but the unexpected was about to happen.Both teams started the second half fresh as if it was the start of the game all over again. It was starting to get exceptionally personal. Bodies of desperate players were pounding into from each one other sacrificing what ever it took to obtain everyones end of year goal that was a perfect season. Finally after taking desperate measures for our game success, we were awarded a penalty in kicking distance. This was the kick that would put us into a six-point lead and give us some breathing ground. Thankfully, I was successful in doing so.But then inner rage possessed our vanadium eight which resulted in him being in the sinbin for ten minutes. I was moved from half back to five eight to replace him. A member of the 3rd XV was subbed on to play half back. I hadnt played much of this position that year but I knew what I was doing from previous experience. I was lucky I knew every move back to front and could do it from any position but playing here put me under a lot of pressure, as it was a key position in the back line. I put all negatives beside me and carried on with the game. I was doing fine and missed putting my outside centre through a gap by the skin of his teeth. But then something happened that would haunt me. recompense on the half way line I was thrown a slow pass from the freshly subbed halfback . As I was watching the ball, all I could hear was the loud furious breathing of the Nudgee back line running at me with my life flashing before my eyes so I took my eye off the ball and looked at them which caused me to drop the ball and a Nudgee inside centre had a free run from half way score a try under the posts.My head dropped. I felt like I had failed the team because of a stupid mistake. Standing under the post for an unmissable conversion in front, all I could see was a heart broken team. Some of us tried to stay positive but for the majority it was almost over. The score was 10-9 to Nudgee with about three minutes to go. We had three minutes to get a point that would satisfy our whole schoolboy rugby career. It was possible.After battling with the victory thirsty team, it was sturdy but we wanted it more. I could see it in everyones eyes. We were awarded a penalty on the half way line and had no choice but to ca-ca a shot or it was the end of the game. I took my usual st eps and struck the ball as hard as I could. The kick was serious on target and I cried out in victory, but the ball fell short into the hands of the opposition who failed to kick the ball out. Desperately trying to break through with no time left in the game, the Nudgee defence was too keen and was caught offside about 35metres out. It felt like God gave me a lifeline. As I placed the ball on the tee, my hands were shaking. The result of the game rested in my hands. I took a deep breath and fake it was a kick that I had done thousands of times. After I struck the sweet spot of the ball I didnt look up from the ground, but from the gigantic roar I heard from the crowd I knew what had happened.

Data Security and Mobile Devices

Data Security and Mobile Devices Introduction Mobile devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, and netbooks have become an total part of everyday work operations. Millions of people log into their companys secure interlock on mobile devices via wireless Internet or notwithstanding accessing their email, devising sensitive data more susceptible to data stealth and hacking. Mobile technology is advancing at such a fast pace, making it harder for IT managers to keep up with bleakly emerging threats. Since the smartphone emerged in the business scene, cybercrime has increased exponentially.Data security has now become the main focus for most IT managers in large corporations. What be some of the risks associated with using mobile devices in business operations? Human error is the biggest risk associated with data security when it comes to using mobile devices. This is largely due to loss of theft of a smartphone or otherwise mobile device. In a study conducted in Washingto n DC last year, machine politician drivers counted the number of mobile phones that were left behind in taxis over a six month period. Over eighty-three hundred phones were recovered.That was almost twenty-five time the number of laptops that were left in the taxis during the same period. Although all corporate laptops are password protected, few have password guard on their mobile devices. (Phifer) harmonize to Credent Technologies, eighty-eight percent of mobile devices carry valuable information- from patient, customer and employee records, financial statements, and passwords, (Phifer). Because so few people PIN-lock their phones, all of this sensitive data can slow fall in to the hands of a hacker.Mobile users often auto save their username and passwords to avoid monotonous reentry. This gives the hacker access to any information available to theft victim. Another major risk associated with the use of mobile devices is mobile malware. Most mobile operating systems lack the a nti-virus and other security feature that are assemble on laptops. This makes mobile devices susceptible to viruses such as Trojan and worms. Doombot is a Trojan virus that is designed to affect all mobile operating platforms such as Android, iOS, and blackberry. It is transferred through MMS and Bluetooth (Panda Security).What are some techniques used by IT managers to minimize security risks with mobile devices? It is vitally important to the cyber security of a company for IT managers to always be assessing the security of their network. Some important steps managers are taking are education, visualization, conservative defaults, hard switching, and most importantly manager and employee training. Educating employees about the risks of using mobile devices is important because the human element poses the greatest risk to the cyber security of the company.Its important for the firm to have a training program in jell so all employees know how to protect themselves and the company . Visualization is also important in constant uphill battle of cyber security. Managers must constantly be feeling for the latest threats against the network and try to find a solution before a breach occurs. Conservative default settings on the firms network prevent employees from viewing non-secure websites and also from downloading files from places from outside the companys network.This would allow employees to still download attached files from intra-company email but would prevent the downloading of files that might be infected with a virus. (Nykodym) IT managers also use outside contractors to monitor a companys network security. Companies like BlueFire Mobile Security cater to the apace expanding reliance on mobile devices. Their services provide protection for lost or stolen devices, information encryption, and security while on the Internet. They also offer protection for a companys wired network as well.They provide intrusion prevention, firewall, authentication, and en cryption for the entire network. Contracts with companies like BlueFire are often made with little firms or with firms who want to reduce the size and budget of their IT department. (Computer Security Update) How significant was the increase of cyber attacks when mobile devices became part of everyday life? Smartphones exploded on the business scene in the mid 2000s. They provided the convenience of accession of vital information from anywhere.According to Sharia Panelas article for GMA News , between 2007 and 2012, small and medium businesses report steadily increasing web attacks. Malware, phising, and other types of violation surged by 35 percent while email attacks soared by 12 percent (Panela). All of these types of attacks are in a large part due to the lack of security on mobile devices. In Nortons 2012 Cybercrime subject field, the total price tag on consumer data cybercrime was $110,000,000,000. China leads the pack with a total loss of $46 billion and the Unites States c oming in second with a total loss of $21 billion.With Apps for everything from mobile banking to syncing work and personal email, people have more sensitive data on their phone than ever before. The Cybercrime report concludes with the changing face of cybercrime. The new frontier for hackers is social media websites and new mobile devices. (Palmer) Conclusion With all of the new developments in cyber security hackers always seem to be one step ahead. Smartphones and other mobile devices have become such an important part of everyday business employees. These devices are a virtual candy store for hackers, a one-stop bring out for all of the data stored on the device.If the device is lost or stolen, it can be used to access the internal network of the firm and extract closed-door data about customers or financial information. Mobile Security has come to the forefront of the IT departments agenda in larger data set firms. Although they implement measures to prevent security breache s, the human element is the most damning. Managers need to provide educational programs for their employees to learn about proper use of mobile devices on company networks. Works Cited Computer Security Update. Computer Security Update. 8. 4 (2007) 1-4.Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Nykodym, Nick. Journal of Politics and Law. Journal of Politics and Law. 5. 1 (2012) 1-6. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Palmer, Adam. Norton Cybercrime Report 2012. Norton Cybercrime Report 2012. (2012) n. page. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Panela, Sharia. Personal gadgets raise risk of cybercrime in workplace. GMA News Online. GMA Network Inc. , 18 2012. Web. 4 Nov 2012. Phifer, Lisa. Business Communications Review. Business Communications Review. (2007) 23-25. Web. 4 Nov. 2012. Virus Encyclopedia . Panda Securities. Panda Worldwide, Web. 4 Nov 2012.

Food Production

This essay will explain about farming today, and how it affects our environment, also ways in which we can protagonist to protect our environment, our health and animal welf atomic number 18.Farming is the toil of food and other materials by raising plants and animals. Many people buy their food in supermarkets pen up to their homes, but the food is imported from many diverse countries, and many products are farmed in a number of different ways. The way food is farmed affects the environment. It also affects peoples health and the treatment of animals. Some farming methods are more harmful than others.Over 11,000 years ago, people got all their food by gathering wild plants, hunt and also from fishing. They travelled around constantly in search for food. But then people learned how to bewilder plants from seeds. They learned how to raise animals, and then began to dissolve in one place. Now they could wait for their plants and crops to grow, and begin to harvest them when t hey were ripe.Then about 250 years ago farmers in much wealthier countries started using machines. Machinery did most of the operate on for people, so people could make food for many more people and sell it to their community. Scientists then developed chemicals to produce more food, and developed new plants and different breeds of animals. Many more farmers now use more chemicals such as fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides to grow more crops. Fertilisers make the soil more fertile. Pesticides overcome insects that harm crops and herbicides kill weeds among the crops.Today in wealthy countries such as Britain and the USA people live in cities rely on fewer farmers in the countryside to grow their food. But many people are worried about how their food is produced, chemicals are sprayed onto the crops and they can stay on the food. They can also run into rivers and the urine underground. New kinds of plants and new breads of animals may upset the natural environment. Valuable so il is also being lost or damaged. There is a lot of decrease in land and one of the causes for this is farming Farming methods, including overgrazing, incorrect farming methods and the overstocking of land, remove essential nutrients from the soil.This results in the denudation of the land. As no vegetation is uncommitted to retain the soil, it is washed away. Soil erosion further lessens the amount of land available for natural plants and animals. As the number of people grows daily, more food is undeniable and more land is being utilised for farming, decreasing the amount of land used by animals and plants, especially in the case of rainforests in tropical countries. As the rainforest are destroyed to make way for more farming land. Nature, insect and vegetation. In other countries hedge rows and trees are lost also killing that which resides there.Modern farming results include1) The hybridisation of plant species2) improvements from animal breeding3) the use of fertilisers a nd insecticidesThere are two types of insecticide found1) Organic from plants and animals, e.g. muck and compost2) inorganic from non-living materials, e.g. rocks, minerals (these can disrupt ecosystems)When inorganic fertilisers are dissolved in rainwater, they run off into water sources. This is called Eutrophication. Eutrophication is the over growth of algae in water ecosystems where nutrients are usually limiting. Many fresh water systems are oligotrophic, meaning that the growth of primary producers (algae) is limited not by dissolved accelerator or light, but by nutrients such as nitrates and minerals. The organisms in these environments have evolved to be optimally suited to these conditions, and everything works fairly well.But when someone builds something following to a lake (e.g. golf course), and the fertilizer being used on the grass runs off into the lake, the algae grows too fast for the rest of the ecosystem to keep up, and overgrows the lake, killing everything in it. Thats one example, there are many other the solutions generally involve not washing lots of nutrients into lakes and streams (or the ocean, which, although generally full of nutrients, can also be locally overwhelmed with runoff, especially in coral reef environments).Farmers use pesticides and insecticides to kill organisms that damage their crops.The following methods are used1) Chemical a poison is introduced, e.g. herbicides and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane2) biological a natural predator is introduced, e.g. snakes to kill rats3) mechanical people and machines are used, e.g. rat trapsSide effects of these methods can include1) The death of animals that are not pests2) DDT entering and moving up the food chainDDT is an effective but dangerous pesticide. Below is a diagram to point how DDT is moved up the food chain.Farming produces much pollution, mainly water pollution through chemicals, and air pollution through machinery used in the farming process, the consequences of fumes being given off lead to, the green house effect which leads to global warming. Detrimental effects on human health and vegetation. This also causes acid rain. Water pollution was mentioned earlier. And how the chemicals being used travel through the lakes and rivers. This disrupts our ecosystems. So now you basically know what effects food production has on our environment, so how can we prevent this from happening? Well for a start we could all begin to eat more organic foods. Organic kitchen-gardening bars the use of synthetic pesticides and artificial fertilizers, and instead relies on ecological interactions to raise yields, reduce pests and build soil fertility.Diverse planting patterns, frequent rotations and haul of beneficial insects, for instance, would all be organic means of pest control. Organic meat and dairy farming is the raising of animals without hormones, antibiotics or other artificial chemicals it also includes using organic feed and allowing animals sufficient range of movement and sunlight. Genetic engineering of plants and animals is not considered organic. Organic farming is definitely a way forward. Lets anticipate in the future more people see it this way.

A Critique on Raphael

A Critique on Raphael Raphael was a very unique and admirable artist however, he had many affairs, Michelangelo overly disliked Raphael and thought his art was absurd and many others came to see his influence as harmful. Raphael was engaged to Maria Beanie but never had the chance to marry. From the set-back he was never interested in this engagement and he found entertainment with his mistress, Margarita Lute. During the time of his death he had written a go forth which go away sufficient funds for the care of his mistress.He left his studio and trust to his friends. Despite his engagement, Raphael was a womanlier. He said that his mistress had to live with him because, no sex, no frescoes, if he didnt get what he wanted then no one will get what they want. The cause of his death was unknown to many but most say that he died because of his courtship with Margarita Lute several days before his death and obtained a certain disease and was treated for another and later died of the treat cure. Raphael became an icon of lust.He later started painting nude portraits, which lead to Michelangelo having a keen dislike towards Raphael. Raphael had looked up to Michelangelo for the longest time and has been inspired by him numerous times. He has also gotten ideas for new paintings from the inspiration of the great Leonardo Advance like, The Young Lady with Unicorn, this particular picture was inspired by Advancing, Mona Lisa. After his death Picasso had multi-colour a series of pornographic paintings depicting Raphael and Margarita Lute making get laid with Michelangelo hiding underneath the bed.Repeals art will forever live on and will most definitely have a magnificently Jaw dropping story behind it. Being an icon of lust and Michelangelo having a severe detest towards him really helped him discover what he really truly wanted to paint. He merely told a story of his life through his art and his affairs, he says were with the love of his life. Not only will peo ple withdraw him for his works of art such as The School of Athens, but they will also remember him as a man with a titillate passion for love.

“The Evacuation of Children in World War Two Was a Great Success”

How far do the consultations you have used support this interpretation of excreta in World War Two? (25 marks) onwards the War in September 1939, the organization understood the risk of air raids and the danger they bring upon major cities in England. Plans for reasoning by elimi country started as early as 15 years before in 1924 the Air Raid Precaution Committee (ARPC) identified London as the main target, with children as the biggest concern.The government identified, subsequently the ARPC produced a report on the potential disasters of air raid attacks in 1925, that maintaining civilian morale was a priority, and that the fear of bombing would bring it down.So, to prevent pathetic morale (and also to ensure safety for what would be the future generation and brotherly regeneration of Britain), the technique of reasoning by elimination was introduced. Success, in this case, is somewhat uncorrectable to measure as it is a broad term when it comes to asking if it can be see n as a mastery in terms of numbers did the government send out as many people as they hoped to? or as a question of the triumph in the well universe of the evacuees, and questivirtuosod as the over alone safety of the evacuees if death and casualty had been avoided/prevented. These sources help to show whether or non riddance in World War Two was a victory.Evacuation can be seen as a success if the evacuees, specifically children were happy. This is important as being considered successful as whether or not they were treated well and were happy would influence the public morale of the citizens remaining in the city.For example, source one shows a group of children with their accompanying teacher in a Berkshire village, 1939. They appear to be happy and well looked after they seem well dressed and smiling in a peaceful, unthreatening looking setting, safely away from the danger of bombs/air raids. Also, as a teacher is shown to be with them, success id further proven in that th e government managed to continue educational operate finishedout the mental process (this point is additionally shown in sources three and four).This alludes evacuation was a success.Though, as the photo shows evacuation in a plus light, it could suggest a propaganda element. However, though possible, it seems unlikely that the photo is staged making it reliable to determine evacuation as a success through child upbeat and happiness. Furthermore, a view of it being successful in this way is source three, a newspaper extract from Kent, September 1939. The overall impression given is that evacuation was very much a successful operation.According to the source for the majority, it was a happy adventure and homesickness quickly fled. Again, this suggests success in the well being of the evacuees, though the source goes on to show this further saying that children were eating high teas beyond their dreams and went up to bedrooms larger than thought possible.From this we can infer t hat evacuation was a success in the way that children were living better out in the countryside not only for safety, but for lifestyle as well.However, this source is much slight reliable that source one as it appears to be in fact very biased as a newspaper trying to imply the trump out of evacuation to keep morale high, so it is harder to derive a conclusion of success from the source. Another way in which success is shown through the sources is that evacuation did the job that it was set out to do to protect the children, and those who are at most risk, from the danger of war, specifically bombing in the city.Source five is a picture showing a bombed school playground in London.From this, we can infer that this is an example of what the government was trying to move children/evacuees away from. It also shows how, being a school playground, children were indeed at risk, thus, by sending the children away, they were, as far as we know, doing a good job of keeping them safe. Overa ll, this source shows that evacuation was successful as we can infer that children would clearly be safer out of the city, thus justifying evacuation itself. To further justify evacuation and therefore show its success in keeping evacuees safe, source six shows casualties in Liverpool.It shows that the death rate was generally over 100 and even in May 1941, at 1453. Again, this justifies the select to vitiate and the safety achieved through evacuation.Finally, sources three shows the success in evacuation as the sources show effectiveness and good organisation as a success of evacuation. This encompasses overall efficiency and pre-evacuation planning. To be able to transport the huge amount of 1million (intended 4million) to the countryside required this efficiency and overall, sources three and source two mention the efficiency and bless of the transport (trains) and organisation in the countryside.In source three, a newspaper article from Kent, says that the departures were eff icient, reflecting that it was seen to that each child got milk and food, and followed up with no confusion. stock-still source two, though showing evacuation in a negative way, also comments that the trains ran to time and that evacuation came complete with teachers. Having teachers is shown in sources one, three and four as well. In source one, it is shown as a teacher with a group of children, in three there are mentioned teachers in charge and in four, the chart shows about 103,000 teachers were evacuated.The fact that they were able to organise having teachers for the children, as well as having sufficient transport for a million people, shows bully planning and effectiveness of the evacuation programme as a success in World War Two.On the other hand, evacuation can be seen as unsuccessful through the sources. One point is that of numbers according to source four, 4 million had been planned for but only 1. 5million went.Source four is most probably reliable as it is a textbo ok extract, with the main aim of to inform, and thus the historian writing this has no reason to twist the truth. Even though this shows efficiency, it shows how evacuation was not successful, as it didnt go according to governments plans. It also could suggest that the public didnt see quite the same urgency to evacuate as the government.This interpretation is further shown as one of the sources is a propaganda poster discouraging mothers to bring their children back to the city.This shows this unsuccessful side to evacuation as it shows that mothers unavoidable this encouragement though posters. This shows how evacuation was unsuccessful in encouraging the public. Source seven suggests that social barriers were broken with the effect of showing one side of the nation to the other, however two sources suggest different source 2, a source showing a mainly negative view on evacuation, implies that the social responsibility was not evenly spread and that the poor housed the poor and the wealthy evaded their responsibilities.This is an alternate view that people werent treating the evacuees correctly that goes against mainly source one and three. Source one and three are both from the start of the war (1939 specifically) and therefore could be seen as too specific to generalise a positive know for the duration on the war and that perhaps source two, a negative view, is a better outlook, despite being a secondary source, on the success of the war as it shows a view over time.Considering all the elements that determine whether The evacuation of children in World War Two was a great success, I believe that evacuation was in fact a success in most ways of measuring success the overall operation fulfilled its aims of protecting children from bombs to safer quieter areas of the country (like source one depicts) and that the government did so in an orderly, effective fashion.However, I would not call the evacuation programme a completely a success nor a great success thorough considering that fewer went than planned and that it is difficult to derive a positive experience from the evacuees themselves. A great success suggests complete fulfilment of original plans and a large majority happy and well treated in the operation. Not all sources agree with this, thus, overall, I conclude my agreement that evacuation in World War Two was successful, though not a great success.

Disease Specific Program

In this paper, we would be discussing the application of self- heed concepts involved in improving the wellness and quality of life for people with degenerative Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is a complex disorder of carbohyd regulate, protein, and fat metabolism in which a relative or absolute insulin deficiency is the essential feature, Drury (1986). Diabetes is recognized as a model of broader based communicable disease control programs, WHO (1991 1998).The metabolic derangement is frequently associated with permanent and irreversible functional and structural changes in the cells of the body, those of the vascular governance being particularly susceptible. The changes lead in turn to the break inment of well-defined clinical entities, the so-called complications of Diabetes which most characteristically affect the eye, the kidney and the nervous system. Introduction It is not too distant past one of the critical tests of the sk bilious of a take in was the cleverness to fit the needs of a unhurried of with an acute infective disease such as Typhoid fever or pneumonia.When the uncomplaining recovered, the shield could rightly take credit for having made an important parting. As infective diseases give up been brought under control, the incidence of chronic gravelyness has risen so that they now account for a significant portion of morbidity and m spokenity. Chronically ill tolerants often have a wider range of problems and need a greater variety of services than argon needed to meet the needs of the acutely ill.Restoration of the tolerant to optimum status and prevention of go up of the illness often demands the continued efforts of the patient of, family, nurse, physician, and other health and welf atomic number 18 mortalnel as well as the members of the community. With patients in whom progress toward recovery is slow and in whom control or embarrassion of the progression of disease is the goal rather than complete recovery, the nu rse whitethorn not be able to see immediate results of her or his efforts. Instead of a relatively brief and intense relationship in which the patient is dependent on the nurse, the nurse often has a much or less prolonged relationship.This relationship with the patient changes from time to time, from dependence to independence to interdependence. To meet the needs of the patient, the nurse should be able to identify clues indicating the face of relationship best suited to the needs of the patient at a given time and to adapt her or his fashion accordingly. A Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) is described as an administrator, leader, manager, collaborator, practitioner, advanced clinician, consultant, educator and researcher (Wilson-Barnett, 1994 Dunne, 1997 McCarthy, 1996).Literature Review Today the test of the skill of the nurse is the ability to meet the needs of the chronically ill patient. If a single disease was to be selected as the modern day test of nursing association a nd skill, diabetes mellitus would doubtless receive many votes. There are many reasons that this is true. Diabetes mellitus has a relatively high incidence. It affects all age groups. Its complications are many and serious. There are, however, effective nub for its detection, diagnosis, and discussion.With modern methods of therapy, persons with diabetes mellitus can live almost as long as those who do not have diabetes. Even more important, they can have full and useful lives with few restrictions on their activities. Persons with diabetes mellitus have been Rhodes scholars, mountain climbers, hockey players, television stars and statesmen. They marry, bear and rear children, and can lead successful, vigorous, productive, lives-a far cry from the predictable component part of the diabetic before the era of insulin therapy. The nurse is continuously concerned about the epidemiology of disease.Understanding the distribution and dynamics (epidemiology) of a disease serves as a basis for group meeting objectives of disease detection and for education of patient, family, and community. Because diabetes and other chronic diseases are not reportable, they are not subjected to the type of tireveillance used for communicable diseases. As surveys and techniques of detection and diagnosis improve, reporting pass on increase and it may be possible to identify and to remedy preventive measures.According to the 1975 National Health Interview Survey, a enjoin of 20.4 per 1,000 population or an estimated 4. 8 million persons in the United States reported diagnosed diabetes. Between 1965 and 1975, the prevalence of diabetes increased by 50 per cent in the United States (Guthrie & Guthrie, 2002 Flarey & Blancett, 1996). There is some question if there is a true increase in the frequency. The data may represent an increase in recognition due to increased use of automated linage chemistry laboratory techniques.Diabetes mellitus occurs in all age groups and in both s exes. The prevalence rate increases with age, from 1.3/1,000 (1 in 77) for persons under 17 years of age to 78. 5/1,000 (1 in 12) in persons over the age of 65. Diabetes is reported more frequently in females (2. 4 per cent) than in males (1. 6 per cent). Females have a prevalence rate of 24. 1/ 1,000. This is a 50 per cent increase from 1965 data when it was 16. 1 /l, 000. The prevalence rate for males is 16. 3/1,000. The most dramatic changes in prevalence of reported diabetes is the increase of diabetes in nonwhites under the age of 45. This group has a piece change of 150 per cent.Nonwhites are 20 per cent more potential than whites to have diabetes (Dunning, 2003). Incidence is the frequency of new cases of a disease developed during a specified time period. In 1963, 17 years after(prenominal) the first Oxford study, 65. 7 per cent of the residents aged 34 to 55 years who lived in Oxford during the first study were restudied. The percentage of diabetics was found to be the sa me in the second as in the first study (OSullivan, 1969). In the 1930s and 1940s there was marked improvement in the life expectancy of diabetics. Since that time, there has been little improvement.This may be due to the fact that Diabetes patients are living long enough to develop the more dangerous concomitants (Kessler, 1971). Reasons for failure to prevent the concomitants of Diabetes are one of the problems being studied intensively today. The Management of Diabetes Mellitus The ideal treatment for diabetes would allow the patient lead a completely normal life to remain not only symptom-free but in positive good health, to achieve a normal metabolic state, and to escape valve the complications associated with long-term diabetes.Nowadays diabetic patients rarely die in ketoacidosis in any number, but the major problem which has emerged is the chronic invalidism, due to disease of both large and small blood vessels, of many of those whose duration of life has been extended. It i s well known that diabetics show an increased propensity to fall due to visual disablement and neuropathy, as well as foot problems (Wallace et al, 2002 Keegan et al, 2002) and presumably accelerated cognitive decline (Gregg et al, 2000).Data from clinical studies strongly suggest that although genetic factors affect the susceptibility to develop complications, the incidence of serious retinopathy is link to the degree of diabetic control achieved (Clark & Cefalu, 2000). It is therefore incumbent on all those who are involved in looking after diabetic patients to strive in every way to achieve as good control as is practicable in terms of blood glucose concentration. The management of diabetes demands a broad range of professional skills, which include communication, counseling, leadership, t separatelying and research to name but a few.The Diabetes Nurse Specialist has the expertise and specialist knowl delimitation to incorporate these skills into practice and so develop standar ds of care that benefits the patient (Daly, 1997). The Diabetes Nurse Specialist (DNS) plays a pivotal role within a multidisciplinary team. The recognition of the contribution of the Diabetes Nurse Specialist in helping patients achieve good diabetes control highlights his/her essential role in diabetes care, (DCCT,1995 UKPDS, 1998). Metcalfe (1998) states that a Diabetes Nurse Specialist works in collaboration with a team to ensure continuity of care, lends towards more successful management.Types of Treatment There are trio methods of treatment, namely diet alone, diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs and diet and insulin. to each one obliges the patient to adhere to a life long dietary regimen. Approximately 60% of new cases of diabetes can be controlled adequately by diet alone, about 20% will need an oral hypoglycemic drug and another 20%, mainly younger patients, will film insulin (Long, et al, 1995). A patient may pass from one group to another temporarily or permanently. Rol e of the Nurse in Prevention and DiagnosisNurses have numerous opportunities to assist the identification of persons who either have diabetes or are potential diabetics. The CNS is wide-awake beyond the level of a generalist (The Report of The committee on Nursing, 1998). Review of the etiologic factors gives the nurse clues as to the target populations. In addition she or he, regardless of the field of practice, mustiness always be wonderful to the signs and symptoms of diabetes. Any individual with symptoms suggesting diabetes mellitus should be encouraged to seek medical attention. The Suspicion of the school nurse should be aroused when a child develops polyuria and polydipsia.The public health nurse who visits in the home should be alert to the possibility of diabetes in family members. Some patients are discovered to have diabetes after they are admitted to the hospital. Most hospitals have a rule that before a patient can undergo any type of surgical procedure, the urine must be checked for glucose. The nurse can also assist in community screening programs. In addition to opportunities for the nurse to participate in programs for the identification of persons who have diabetes mellitus, nurses have a role in the prevention of the disease.Because of the frequency with which diabetes in the middle-aged person is associated with obesity, individuals are encouraged to avoid overweight by diet and exercise. The preventive aspects related to genetic counseling are less clear. Persons with diabetes or persons with families in which there is a known history of diabetes should be acquainted with the risks involved when planning marriage. mental Aspects Fink (1967) has proposed a model of the processes of adaptation to stressful situations. He proposes that psychological phases follow a sequential pattern as follows acquaint 1 puff in this phase the persons cognitive structure is characterized by disorganization. There is inability to plan or to reason. St age 2 Defensive retreat characterized by denial. Stage 3 Acknowledgment, giving up the past, and starting to face reality. Stage 4 Adaptation, acceptance. of the modification in health. Planning to care for self and to prevent complications. When a person learns that he or she has diabetes mellitus, even when its presence was suspected, he or she experiences disbelief and then grief. The degree of shock will depend on the individual and what the diagnosis and treatment mean to him or her.Any preexisting problem can be expected to be intensified. The patient and family can be expected to react to knowledge of the diagnosis as they do to other crisis situations in life. The patient compares diabetes with health and prefers health. The nurse can usually be of more help to the patient if she or he can help in identifying and expressing feelings rather than telling the patient how lucky he or she is. During the period immediately following diagnosis, the patient and family learn psychol ogical support. This should start with the patients admission to the office of the physician, to the clinic, or to the hospital.The type and amount of support will vary with each individual. Both the patient and family have a right to expect professional personnel to try to understand their feelings and to accept their behavior as having meaning (Otong, 2003). The nurse should try to ingest to the patient that, while understanding or trying to understand his or her feelings, the patient will be able to learn to do what must be done and will be provided with the necessary assistance. Control of Diabetes Mellitus Successful management of diabetes mellitus depends on the intelligent co-operation of the patient and the family.Unlike recovery from an acute infectious disease, recovery from Diabetes does not follow a period of acute illness. Diabetes Mellitus is permanent. Remissions can and do occur, but even these patients should not think of themselves as cured. The fundamental method s used in the treatment are diet, insulin or hypoglycemic agents, exercise, and education. The continued management and control of diabetes mellitus depend on the patient. Education as to the nature and behavior of the disease is required so that the patient understands the reasons for what he or she must do and develops the skills required for it.Diet The keystone for management of the diabetic is dietary control. In most respects the goals of the diet for the diabetic patient are similar to those for the non-diabetic. They are to provide sufficient calories to establish and maintain body weight. The number will vary with the age, sex, body size, activity, and growth and development requirements on with an adequate intake of all nutrients, including minerals and vitamins. Modifications in amounts and types of foods as required in the control of complications of diabetes and other diseases.Meal spacing so that absorption coincides with peak levels of insulin in the blood and protec ts from hypoglycemia during the night. For patients on intermediate-acting insulin, food is usually distributed in five meals-three main meals with a small meal about 4 P. M. and another at bedtime. For the patient who is taking insulin, it is essential that a regular meal schedule be observed. Integration of exercise and diet with medications is essential. Most diabetic diets contain 50 to 60 per cent carbohydrates with 10 to 15 per cent in the form of Disaccharides and monosaccharide.Fats should comprise no more than 35 per cent of the total calories. The remaining calories are protein (Arky, 1978). Patients are encouraged to select unsaturated fats as recommended by the American Heart Association. Concentrated sweets and refined sugars should be avoided. Insulin Treatment with exogenous insulin is indicated in the following situations diabetic ketoacidosis, jejune diabetes, diabetes developing before the age of 40, unstable diabetes, oral hypoglycemic failure, diet therapy failu res, and during stress of pregnancy, infections, major surgery.For the ketosis-prone individual and the unstable adult an exogenous insulin supply is always required. For the others it may be an intermittent requirement (Bonar, 1977) that is required during periods of stress. In the non-diabetic, insulin is released in response to food intake. The beta cells have the ability to release approximately 40 units daily, and there are another 200 units stored for emergency (Ellenburg et al, 2002). The diabetic does not have an endogenous supply, and an exogenous form is provided. Various types of insulin preparations have been developed.They fall into three general categories fast-acting (regular and semilente), intermediate (NPH and lente), and long-acting (PZI and ultra lente). The actions of each preparation vary as to time of onset, duration of action, and peak activity time. Hypoglycemic reactions are most likely to occur at time of peak action. Regular insulin is the only form given intravenously, and it has a clear appearance. The other insulin preparations have a turbid appearance. Each type of insulin comes in three concentrations U-40, U-80, and U-I00. This refers to the concentration of insulin per milliliter.U-40 has 40 units per ml, U-80 has 80 units per ml, and U-100 has 100 units per ml. Syringes are specially calibrated for each concentration. Eventually, the only concentration available will be the U-100 strength (Joshu, 1996). This will decrease confusion and cut down on errors. The objective of insulin therapy is to enable the individual to utilize sufficient food to meet nutritional needs and, within limits, the desire for food. For many patients this objective can be achieved by a single stab of protamine zinc insulin or one of the intermediate-acting insulin, either alone or in combination with crystalline insulin.The ideal preparation of insulin would be one in which the insulin is released in response to hyperglycemia. At this time there is no such preparation. Persons who require less than 40 units of insulin per day often do very well on a single injection of Protamine zinc Insulin. Insulin-Equipment and Administration The patient must know the type of insulin, concentration (U-80, U-100), and the prescribed dosage. It is essential that the appropriate syringe be used for the insulin concentration prescribed.Diabetic patients on insulin may use either disposable or reusable syringes. The former are used one time only and then discarded. Patients find them highly desirable because they do not require sterilization. Although minimal, cost may be considered a disadvantage. If reusable syringes and needles are used they should be sterilized by boiling before each injection. Boiling is simplified by placing the separated barrel and plunger of the syringe and the needle in a metal strainer. The strainer is placed in a saucepan of frigidity water and boiled for 5 minutes.When the syringe is removed from the water, care sh ould be taken not to contaminate any part of the needle or syringe that comes in contact with the insulin or is introduced into the patient. When the syringe and needle are kept in alcohol, the alcohol container should be emptied, washed, and boiled at the time the syringe is sterilized. Before the syringe is filled with insulin, alcohol should be removed from the barrel by moving the plunger in and out of the barrel a number of times. The peel over the site of injection should be clean, and just before the injection is made, it should be cleansed with alcohol.The hour at which the patient takes the insulin will depend on the type of insulin, the severity of the diabetes, when blood sugar is highest, and the practices of the physician. The most common time is 20 to 30 minutes before breakfast for patients receiving one injection a day. Modified insulin containing a precipitate should be gently rotated until the sediment is thoroughly mixed with the clear solution. Vigorous shaking should be avoided to prevent bubble formation. Insulin, though usually called a protein, is a polypeptide and is digested in the alimentary canal. It must therefore be administered parenterally.The usual method is by subcutaneous injection into loose subcutaneous tissues. Because daily, or more frequent, injections are required over the lifetime of the individual, care should be taken to rotate the sites, so that one orbit is not used more often than once each month. Conclusion The nurse has major responsibilities in the care of the diabetic patient. She or he must provide instruction, guidance and understanding for the control and management of the condition. The nurse must be prepared to provide nursing care for the patient if acute or chronic complications should occur.Last but not least, the nurse must recognize that the diabetic is not exempt from other diseases. She or he must be prepared to evaluate the impact of a concurrent illness on the diabetes and the impact of the dia betes on the concurrent illness. The sick diabetic has all the problems of any person who is ill and they are compounded by the diabetic state. The special needs of the diabetic must be recognized and met. The nurse who assists in the care of the diabetic patient has the satisfaction of knowing that the quality of life of the diabetic can be improved by intelligent nursing care.ReferencesArky, R.A. 1978. Current Principles of Dietary therapy of Diabetes Mellitus, Med. Clin. North Am., 62, 655-62.Bonar, J. 1977. Diabetes A Clinical Guide, Flushing, N.Y. Medical Exam Publishing Co, pp.20-22.Clark, Nathanial Goodwin & Cefalu, William T. 2000. Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, CRC Press.Daly F. 1997. The Role of the Diabetes Nurse specialist, Irish Medical times, 14(17), 18.Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). 1995. Annals of Internal Medicine, 122 561-568.Drury. 1986. Diabetes Mellitus, second Ed, Blackwell & Scientific Publications.Dunne L.1997. A literature review of advanced clinical nursing practice in the United States of America, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25 814-819.Dunning. 2003. Care of pack with Diabetes A Manual of Nursing Practice, p.65-69.Ellenberg et al. 2002. Ellenberg and Rifkins Diabetes Mellitus, McGraw-Hill Professional, p.82.Fink, SL. 1967. Crisis and Motivation A Theoretical Model, Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., 59297.Flarey, Dominick L & Blancett, Suzanne Smith. 1996. Case Studies in Nursing Case Management Health Care deliverance in a World of Managed Care, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Gregg et al. 2000. Is diabetes associated with cognitive impairment and cognitive decline among older women? Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, Arch Intern Med, 160174180.Guthrie, Richard A & Guthrie, Diana W. 2002. Nursing Management of Diabetes Mellitus A Guide to the Pattern Approach, Springer Publishing.Joshu, Debra Haire. 1996. Management of Diabetes Mellitus Perspectives of Care across the Life Span, Mosby, 2nd ed.Keegan e t al. 2002. Foot problems as risk factors of fractures, Am J Epidemiology, 155926931.Kessler, IJ. 1971. Mortality experience of diabetic patients, Am.J.Med., 51, p.724.Long, Barbara C et al. 1995. Adult Nursing A Nursing Process Approach, Elsevier Health Sciences.McCarthy. 1996. Advantages and Disadvantages of Specialism in nursing, newspaper presented to An Bord altranais Conference, Continuing Education for Nurses.Metcalf L. 1998. Ensuring continuity of care for diabetic patients attending hospital, Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 2(5)135-138.OSullivan, JB. 1969. Population re-tested for diabetes after 17 years New Prevalence Study, Diabetologia, 54, 211-14.Otong, Deoborah Antai. 2003. Psychiatric Nursing Biological and Behavioral Concepts, Thomson Delmar Learning.Report of the Commission on Nursing. 1998. Government Publications, Section 6.33, page 105.United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). 1998. British Medical Journal 317(7160) 703-713.Wallace et al. 2002. Incidence o f falls, risk factors for falls, and fall-related fractures in individuals with diabetes and a prior foot ulcer, Diabetes Care, 2519831986.Wilson-Barnett J & Beech S. 1994. Evaluating the Clinical Nurse Specialist A review, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 13 (6) 561-571.World Health Organization Publications.1991-1998.

Research Method in Biological Level of Analysis Psychology Essay

Examine the use of wholeness research method used in the biological level of analysis, including an evaluation of the ethical considerations related to them.The event studies method consists in taking a patient personal history in order to take a diagnosis. It is usuall(a)y applied in persons that expect abnormal characteristics in behaviour, at biological or at cognitive level it can also be applied to a group of peck that are under the same situation. Case study is a long-term research where the patient or the group of people are studied to form into a conclusion.This type of study investigates and recollects qualitative data, such as feelings and experiences. At the same time it also includes quantitative data of measurements such as inception testing, IQ scores and other survey data.An example of case-study method is the Phineas Gage research. Phineas was the man who had an accident and a metal pole entered through its skull. It entered through his left cheek and exited th rough its frontal lobe.There were many factors that made of this situation really abnormal. Just after the accident Phineas was awake. He lost the vision in his left eye, but in his right eye the vision was perfect. Besides he didnt suffer any paralysis and had no difficulty with spoken communication or language.However, the doctor noned that his intellectual abilities and his emotional control had been destroyed. Gage had become impatient, indulgent and though he made plans for hi future he could never follow them. He could be described as a child.According to the long-term case study, his frontal lobe provided evidence that the brain affects personality and fond behaviour.This is a really all important(predicate) research because it presents one of the biological level of analysis, the one that refers there are biological correlates of behaviour. Here we can see how discredited physiological factor can affect behaviour. Besides it shows us how case studies are really useful, b ecause not all changes in behaviour happen from one day to another. As this study evidenced the process in which the behaviour starts to see affected is a long-term process. Case studies of the brain-damaged patients have led to important findings about the brain.According to the ethics in this type of research, probably there are more negative facts tan positive facts. Case studies researches are not ethical because the patient is treated, observed and examined like it is a completely different person compared to the others. Besides it can invade your personal spaces and take you away close to privacy. The researcher gets to know deeply personal information fro the patient, which is not usually shared with other people. Besides, some of this information may be published or at least written up as a research report, in order to be used in a future as valid information in researches, etc. Thats why the identity of the person should be always protected the researcher needs to cover al l the details that could lead others to work out the individuals identity.In the case of Phineas Gage most of this ethical considerations werent taked into count. They didnt covered up his identity, beside they go into details of his personal lifespan.In conclusion the case studies are really important because are the ones that lead us to conclusions about real life issues and particular problems. The researches done by this method are really accurate and play a really important role in psychology biological level of analysis.

Chinese Starbucks Essay

Starbucks has found advantage in the USA because of trade towards 20-40 year old work force and women who atomic number 18 concerned with social welfare thus creating the c bump offee kinfolk atmosphere-Heather Karr Employee of Starbucks in Madison, WI. The drinking chocolate house in the US includes college students studying, young professionals having casual meetings, Soccer Moms grabbing a cup of Joe after dropping the kids off at school, etc. All-in-all Starbucks is selling not coffee but the idea of a coffee introduce, a time during the day that one can sit back, relax, and forget well-nigh the daily grind.Starbucks had to project this as part of their main success and research chinas culture to see this aforementioned(prenominal) possibility existed for them there. fortuitously they found that it did. Due to chinawares communistic government implementing a unrivaled Child Law the same age demographic surprisingly existed 20-40 year old men and women who motive a pl ace to socialize and take a break from their lives. The Family Planning Law in China was implemented to ascendancy the growing population in China, has many exceptions, and began in 1978 (enforced in 1979).Learning about this law in a history class frontly, I never considered it in a marketing aspect. These individuals have gr declare up as single children and may have a sense of entitlement. They are well educated as the US media is always reporting on their countries amazing international soma reports. So, this group of Little Emperors are more aware of western culture than generations previous and Starbucks had to of discovered that they could curb these people a taste of the western world. Lastly, Starbucks had to consider Chinas tea consumption out front expanding.While the US likes their coffee, China prefers tea in their social events. How could Starbucks take their signature product of coffee and still be successful? They had to sell the coffee house experience and that s exactly what they did. 2. cover the key political and licit factors Starbucks had to consider in the Chinese marketplace. What are the risks of entering a dry land with these factors? What changes have occurred in Chinas polit- ical and legal structure to the advantage of foreign companies? The standout political/legal factor for Starbucks expanding into China is Communism.Starbucks company originated in a democratic capitalistic country where it became successful. Expanding into China requires a lot of research into not just foreign laws but a very strict and arrogant government that frowns on western practices. In 1999 when Starbucks began its expansion they did it with joint ventures meaning they licensed the right for Chinese citizens to sell Starbucks coffee and use their logo. Joint ventures and dictatorship are risky ideas and Starbucks could have easily failed.They make their risk minimal by only receiving royalty fees for the license to use their logo. China became a fellow member of the World Trade Organization in 2001 thus opening the ability for American companies to freely figure in their market. Starbucks took this opportunity buy out is partners and take control over the 60 stores in human beings in 2006. From 1999-2006, Starbucks had plenty of time to learn about Chinese culture and educate themselves in Chinese business that allowed them to feel confident about expanding in the future.3. What demographic factors were important for Starbucks to understand in China? What were the demographics they decided to target? As I stated in my answer to question one, Starbucks had to understand their own target demographic in the successful US market and see if they could replicate that in China. Luckily for them it did. Political factors like the One Child Law gave way to a culture shift among previous generations that allowed for the 20-40 year old demographic to thrive.These citizens are independent, educated, and desire to socialize amongst t heir peers with no where to feel at space in. Starbucks, by tweeking their menu slightly and adding more dining space than other shops in other countries, suitable to these Chuppy demands and found success. 4. What was the initial orbiculate-market strategy Starbucks employed to enter China? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to this early strategy. How has their strategy changed since therefore and why? Initially Starbucks implemented a joint venture strategy.Meaning, they licensed their company for use in China believing that Chinese business individuals could have a better chance at success than they could. They also took that opportunity to learn and educate themselves about Chinese culture and business all the season receiving royalties for the licenses. This was a minimal risk for them as China was not a country that allowed a global market place to exist until its membership in the WTO in 2001. Their membership created an opportunity for Starbucks to take control o f its licenses and eventually to expand further into the country.

Proc 5850 Logistics Essay

1. KLF Electronics is an Ameri merchantman manufacturer of electronic equipment. The fraternity has a wholeness manufacturing facility in San Jose California. (20 points)KLF Electronics distributes its products through five regional w atomic number 18houses located in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles. In the up-to-the-minute scattering system, the United States is partiti superstard into five major markets, each of which is served by a single regional w arhouse. Customers, typically retail outlets, give birth items directly from the regional w arhouses in their market area. That is, in the current distribution system, each customer is assigned to a single market and receives deliveries from one regional warehouse.The warehouses receive items from the manufacturing facility typically, it takes about two weeks to satisfy an modulate placed by any of the regional warehouses. In recent years, KLF has seen a significant increase in competition and huge pressure fro m their customers to improve proceeds levels and reduce costs. To improve service level and reduce costs, KLF would like to consider an alternative distribution strategy in which the five regional warehouses are replaced with a single, central warehouse that volition be in charge of all customer orders.Part A Describe how you would design a new logistics mesh topology consisting of only a single warehouse.Due to increasing competition in the world, the play along has to advance its logistics system. To construe the ever increasing get hold ofs of the customers, the company is planning to form a single regional warehouse that win be in charge of the customer orders. Logistics is responsible for the movement of people and stuffs in the organization. Logistics department of the company decides as to how and when, the raw materials or other finished or semi-finished products should be moved and stored.If the company plans for a single warehousing system, then it is basically f ocusing on the centralized warehousing which is responsible for constituent the whole market. The interlocking depart be designed with the help of complete analysis of the companys operations. This entrust help to design an efficient strategy for the company. The location and size of the warehouse will be decided. The dose and facility costs will excessively be calculated. The cost set up will be properly estimated. The network will consist of variant facilities like manufacturing center, vendor, distribution center and customers. thither will also be a variety of raw materials and finished products that flow among these facilities.Part B Provide an outline of such an analysis what are the main steps? there are miscellaneous steps that will be involved for designing a new logistics activity. In the first step, the before long operating network in the organization should be analyzed. In the second step, the network optimization selective informationbase should be designed a nd populated. After this in the third step, the alternatives for network design should be created. In the fourth step, the network optimization model should be adopted. In the fifth step, the tool for network optimization should be selected. In the sixth step, the network optimization should be implemented. In the seventh step, the alternative network designs will be evaluated. In the last and the final step, the reconfiguration costs for the network will be analyzed.Part C Specifically, what data would you need?The data that will be required for this design network is as follows1 A list of all the products of the company.2 The location of the customers.3 Warehousing cost and transportation cost.4 Demands of the customer for each product.5 Size of shipment by product.6 Cost of processing the order.7 Patterns of the orders by size, content and frequency.Part D What are the advantages and disadvantages of the newly suggested distribution strategy relative to the existing distribution strategy?The newly suggested strategy will help the company in a number of ways. It will help in speeding up the production activities of the company. It will reduce the facility cost of the company. The asylum stock required in centralized system is also less. It will also reduce the incoming transportation costs. The disadvantages of such a system are that the lead time will increase and it will become difficult for all the customers to easily approach a single warehouse. The activities will become entangled and the outbound transportation cost will increase.2. As the Purchasing Manager in a manufacturing firm, you would be expected to identify and know various aspects related to transportation/traffic in order to in effect perform your job. Today, during the staff meeting, your boss asked you for advice on two aspects of transportations (20 points)a. What are the major considerations when handling materials?i. Discuss the pursuance1. Load Unitization,2. Space Layout,3. Storag e Equipment Choices, and4. Movement Equipment Choices.There are various considerations while handling the materials and foreboding should be interpreted, while working over this activity. The following things need to be considered Load Unitization This is an burning(prenominal) factor of consideration for material handling. Load unitization is the packaging and arranging of the item or items in a particular manner that can be handled as a unit. It should be considered that the items are bind in a securable manner. In this, the physical packaging of the product needs to be considered for its protective packaging. beetle pallets for packaging should non be used as they can damage the product (Lock, 1998). Space Layout It is also an important point of consideration in material handling. The space layout should be such so that the materials can be handled in an easy and comfortable manner.The space layout should be according to the products and for the ease of the workers. Storage E quipment Choices It is to be considered as it is the greatest factor that contributes to the storage cost. The storage equipment choices include automated storage and retrieval systems, spinning top storage and retrieval system, automated guided vehicle system and power & free conveyors. These equipment choices need to be considered to check the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the logistics network. Movement Equipment Choices it is also an important consideration in the material handling and it will help in allocating the movement of the materials for transport. The equipment choices help in managing the movement of the equipment for storage and transport.b. What lawful forms of transportation are available to the company?ii. Identify the legal forms of transportation.iii. Discuss the legal forms of transportation.iv. Provide one example for each legal form of transportation.There are various forms of legal transportation which involves ordinance of the operating rights. The forms of legal transportation are common carriers, contract carriers, exempt carriers and confidential carriers. Common carriers provide services under closed regulation, as per the published tariff. They operate in a particular geographical area and for a specific commodity. Example of common carrier can be highway transportation. Contract carriers provide services at individually negotiated rates and operate under a restrictive authority.They have pricing freedom and have no service compulsion. They operate on the guidelines that there should be no rate discrimination between the customers. Example of contract carrier is rail transportation. free carriers are those which are not liable for taxation and free from obligations. These are used for agricultural commodities in the United States. Example of exempt carriers is water transportation. Private carriers look after their proclaim goods transportation. They are not governed by cost and service regulations. They cannot carr y the goods of others, although many regulations have now permitted to do so. Example ofprivate carrier is air transport.3. Consider the supply chain for break immobile cereal. Discuss the competing objectives of the farmers who make the raw materials, the manufacturing form of the company that makes the cereal, the logistics division of the company that makes the cereal, the marketing division of the company that make the cereal, the distribution arm of the food market chain that sells the cereal, and the manager of the individual grocery store that sells the cereal. (20 points)In the supply chain for breakfast cereals, everyone has its own competing objectives which inspire them to pass water the product by giving his best possible effort. In the supply chain, the objectives of the farmers are to produce the best feel raw materials and earn maximum profit for him and his family. He wants to sell it at the best possible price and puts all his efforts to produce the cereals. The competing objectives of the manufacturing division of the company are that they should produce the quality and type of product that is essentialed by the customer. Its main aim is to acquire efficiency in production and to produce better than its competitors. The logistics division of the company also has certain competing objectives. It works with the objective of managing all the materials and manpower related activities.It handles the storage of materials in an efficient manner. The management of transportation, purchasing of raw materials, storage and supply of finished products are the main aim of the logistics division. The objectives of the marketing division of the company will be to market the product in an attractive and effective manner. The packaging should be attractive and should display the special qualities of the products. It also has the objective of deciding the pricing and promotional activities of the product. The objective of the distribution arm of the groce ry chain is to distribute maximum measuring of the product to the retailers and cover more than targets as compared to their competitors. The objective of the grocery store that sells the cereal will be to sell the best quality products to the customers. They also serve the customers and fulfill their requirements.4. You have been called in as a consultant to a large drugstore chain which has 24,000 size up line items. Explain how memorandum assortment could help this company to better control its inventory. (20 points)Inventory classification is very helpful for controlling the inventory when a company has such a wide variety of inventory line items. There are basically five different types of inventories that are fluctuating inventories, anticipation inventories, cycle inventories, transportation inventories and decoupling inventories. Fluctuating inventory will help in managing the irregular demand of the products. Anticipated inventory helps in managing the unpredictable de mand of the product.Cycle inventory helps in equating the consumption and production of the products. Transportation inventories are managed, where the time taken to transport a product is more and so meet the demands, it is maintained. Decoupling inventory is maintained to cover up the increasing demand of the product or the increasing purchases of the product. Inventory classification will help the company in inventory control, as, it will help in proper planning of the production system as materials will be available wherever and whenever required. It will also help in satisfying the orders of the customers as per the commuted date. It can also help in solving the problem of rush order inventory. It will also help in timely management of the inventory.5. Discuss how each of the following helps to alleviate the bullwhip effect (20 points)c. E-Commerce and the meshd. impart Deliverye. Collaborative forecastsf. customary low pricingg. Vendor-managed inventoryBullwhip effect is th e enlargement of the demand fluctuations i.e. increases and decreases in demand. This is often caused by price fluctuations, rationing, misperceptions of feedbacks, ordering panics, forecasting errors etc. It can be projected with the help of various tools like internet, express delivery, collaborative forecasts etc. Internet and e-commerce helps in giving more accurate information to the providers about the demand of a product. It helps in prevention of deformation and wrong dialogue of the demand related information. It also assists in reducing the lead time, as it eases the order processing activity. Express delivery helps in reducing the demand variance and also reduces the lead time. It refers to timely and very fast delivery of the products to the wholesalers and to the ultimate customers. In collaborative forecasts procurement, product management and sales participate.Collaborative forecasts help the stakeholders in arriving at a particular demand forecast and alleviate the bullwhip effect. Everyday pricing also alleviates the bullwhip effect. There are certain demand hikes, which are created by periodic promotions and this leads to increase in demand fluctuations. Everyday pricing helps in preventing the increasing demand fluctuations and alleviates the bullwhip effect. Vendor managed inventory is helpful for the supplier as, it assists in monitor the downstream demand. With this, the supplier can make a good and effective decision related to various activities like what quantity should be shipped for the customers and what quantity should be kept on hand. So, with the help of vendor managed inventory, the supplier does not have to depend upon the order data. Thus, the supplier does not have to rely on order data for demand estimation and alleviates the bullwhip effect.

How did world war one change the role and status of women in England and Wales?

During the nineteenth century, before state of war broke out new prank opportunities began to emerge for women as teachers, shop put to snipers, clerks and secretaries in offices. Even girls from operative class backgrounds were able to achieve higher status than that of their p arents and began to receive better pay packets.Women from middleclass backgrounds were gaining better direction opportunities and a few won the incident to go into higher education eventu every(prenominal)y becoming doctors to hear but one thing. neertheless education wasnt improving for the majority of women in lower classes often receiving no education. This unexpended them no options but to go into domestic service or the sweated industries such as cotton plant factories or home dress making. Also between 1839 and 1886 in that respect were a series of laws passed giving married women greater legal rights, yet they couldnt unperturbed voting in general elections. Some people persuasion th at all women should be allowed to pick out too as the number of men who could vote was gradually increasing. Others disagreed, yet the debate was non as simple as a case of men versus women.Early campaigners for the vote were k this instantn as suffragists. These were mainly middle class women. Their leader was Mrs Millicent Fawcett. By handing out leaflets they began achieving some achiever with Liberal system of macrophages and leading Conservative Mps. However this still got them know where.Then by 1903 Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst started the Wo mens sociable and Political Union. The Daily Mail named this group the Suffragettes this got them into the headlines.The suffragettes caused chaos disrupting political meetings and harassed ministers. Often ending up in prison, eventually going on hunger strike.The above antecedent shows that when many of the men sign-language(a) up to be part of the Great War, there was no longer sufficient numbers left to continue making munitions and other industrial instruments. It was the women in the munitions factories that came out the worst in the end, after(prenominal) traffic with the harmful TNT their skin began to turn yellow and their hair became ginger. With this they became easily recognised and were given the name of Canaries. The long-term effects however were much worsened than they initially thought many women were unable to buy the farm pregnant. However this job was highly paid and they women didnt give birth much other choice, it was also considered an important job and a valid contribution to the war effort.The source published during the war showed the confirmatory aspects of working women, however it portrayed the women as strong, healthy and capable of doing mens jobs while they were at war. boilersuit a positive image hoping to encourage more than women to join the war effort. Then on the other hand it does non show the illnesses that the women suffered and the dangers of working in the factory. As the image shows they were constantly surrounded by the shells of the bombs, which in this image were all, filled with TNT, you can show this by the fact that the tops are on. They also had to be truly careful when moving them as if they dropped one it cause the whole factory and its workers to go up with it. turn the majority of men were passing home for the war many young women also tack together themselves leaving home for the first clipping. These women left to join the land army. As the above source shows women were beginning to micturate over the mens jobs that many of the farmers who gave the women board and lodge thought not very lady like. However without the womens sustain potatoes would not clear been picked, sheep would not have been tended to. Women left for the land army as I thought it was a chance to gain freedom and new experiences. However it was not all that it seemed they were to a lower place strict discipline and once they were there they could not ge t out of it as they signed contracts for any six months or a year.Overall this source is accurate, as the historian G. Thomas has gathered existent information from the time. Even though the source was recorded many years after the First universe of discourse War the entire source is based on information of the time.My daughter went out at 7am to the Maypole diary Co. shop and after waiting till 10.30am was turned remote without any margarine, came home chilled to the bone in addition losing education. If we could have a system of rationing, I believe these hardships would be overcome.Workers D empathizenought(A weekly intelligencepaper of the east London Federation of Suffragettes,and edited by Sylvia Pankhurst) 19 January 1918Not all women had the chance to get true(p) jobs in munitions factories or join the land army. some had to deal with intellectual nourishment shortages, and often as the source tells us queue for hours on end without any food by the end of it. The s ource gives us a realistic view of how working class women had to deal with life while husbands, sometimes sons were away fighting for the country. The Workers Dreadnought was aimed at the working class audience, bringing their suffrage to light. The source gives us skilful one example of how a young child had to find food as her mother had to work to raise some money that would supply a small amount of food. The source also informs us that many had already thought of rationing yet it was used until a month later, which was February 1918.Nevertheless, many flush upper class people survived on their wealth. They were able to send out their servants to queue for them. Or they could work on the black market. through and through their wealth they were able to obtain any food they wanted.Many women offered their go to help with the war effort, however both holders and trade unionists were opposed to see women working in mens jobs, particularly in munitions factories. However women didnt eat this lying down. As the above source shows they held a wide procession on the 17th of July letting the employers and trade unionists know that they were prepared to work. Within the procession there was a large banner reading Men of the Empire are Fighting The Women of the Empire are Working. This source proves that women are not just good at training and clean, but located to contribute.Nevertheless without the womens contribution to the war effort, especially in munitions factories Britain would not have won the war.The above sources tell us of womens working lives during the war.These posters show an idealistic view of mothers preparing packages for their beloved. These posters were far from the reality there wasnt enough food to go around without sending packages to the battles. Even joining food queues did not determine even a small amount of food. This must have been so disheartening. Pears Soap was advertised in The Illustrated London news. An upper class pub lisher that could not have been supportive of the ways in which bothone had begun cutting back. completely the Best is good enough due to the war any soap would have done, the company could not have understood the ways that all classes were suffering. This included the upper class.The Bishop of Liverpool said the other day that tipsiness was now most deadly amongst women. He could speak of a street in which almost every woman was drinking and demoralised. The Bishop of Londonalso said quite recently that the East End clergy told him that they had never known such an orgy of drinking among women as during the last 12 months.White Ribbonthe monthly newspaper of theBritish Womens TemperanceAssociation. December 1915Women had little free time for any leisure activities as they were every working or if food was short queuing for what they could get. The above source is unreliable about what women were getting up to in the December 1915 this is as White Ribbon concentrates on the big c ities like Liverpool and London. It is also written by an anti alcohol association which could be making the circumstances under which they saw these womens drinking habits worse than they actually were. This source does not cover the country or smaller towns.Therefore people who read this article would have been reading inaccurate information on womens leisure time.With as the source says more than six million men going away to war, women were left with only their salaries to pay for the rent on their homes. Landlords felt that with constant increases in numbers to the cities as this is where the jobs were would cause people to take in lodgers which would help with the rent. However it didnt work out like this, once the landlords put up the rent women found that they couldnt actualize the payments and decided to go on strike. This left the landlords in a worse position than they had been, as they were now receiving no money.This source shows a realistic view of what women had to d eal with while their male relatives fought in the war. It is promising to be an accurate source as G. Thomas is a historian who would have used articles of the time to write this article.Previous sources tell us about womens attitudes and domestic lives.These statistics from a report written after the war show a positive spay for women. There is an obvious increase of women in battle in every job except domestic service where there is a declension. However this decline cannot be taken in a negative way, this shows that during the war women found that they were better used in other jobs. These would have also been better paid. This source must have been very positive to the women who had worked to switch mens attitudes to women and their working roles.Even though this was published twelve years after the war it is still useful. Overall the source is biased as it is from the obituary of Millicent Fawcett. Yet it tells us of how the war acted as a catalyst to women getting the vot e. The vote would have eventually arrived in Britain, but not as soon. Through the war politicians acknowledged that womens voices now had the write to be heard, they then gained the vote for women over eighteen in 1918.However there were probably other factors apart from the war that would have lead to women gaining the vote.This shows that women involved in air factories that probably feared losing their jobs as they thought they would no longer be needed, now had a chance to remain in employment. However this time the work was more enjoyable as they did not have the worry of war over their heads.This source proves that even though many women were at first reluctant to join the war effort. By the time it was over many didnt want to return to their lives of cooking and cleaning so jobs such as toy making which they not only enjoyed but they were good at proved a positive way to go.EvaluationWorld War One brought about the change in the role and status of women, as before the war a s I stated in my introduction women remained in the home while the men went out to work and paid for food and anything that superpower have been needed in the home.With the outbreak of war all this began to change, first slowly then as more and more men signed up the role of women quickly changed. For the employers and trade unionists this was hard to take in, they believed that many jobs women were now completing were not suitable. However they had no other option but to employ them. With the men at war women became the sole earners, just as their husbands had done. Except women also had to continue cooking once they had finished working as many had to provide for young families.Young women also found new freedom in the land army giving them experience that they would not necessarily achieved without the war. Many travelled more than they would have done and began to enjoy jobs that before would have been considered mens jobs. Employers soon began to realise that assembly jobs fo r things such as gramophones were much better suited to women they had more nimble hands and enjoyed the work a lot more than men would have.The most dramatic change however was womens political status. Mps soon realised that giving women the vote would say thank you for their contribution to the war. The war speeded up women gaining the vote as pre war there were two main groups who spent time handing out leaflets and making stands in political meetings, trying to persuade the government to give women the vote. Finally the government gave in giving all women the right to vote in 1918.As far as womens role and status changed the war could not have helped more. The war allowed women to show their potential in a working environment, at the beginning it could have gone either way but employers gave them a chance and it all worked out for the best as when the men returned they went back to their jobs but women had realised what they were good at and new jobs were now available to them.O verall The Great War brought about the most substantial change in womens roles.